Tramadol
Tramadol is a prescription pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It’s a synthetic opioid analgesic, meaning it works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.
- Brand names: Ultram, ConZip, Ryzolt (among others)
- How it works: It binds to opioid receptors and also inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which contributes to its pain-relieving effects.
- Form: Available in immediate-release and extended-release tablets or capsules.
- Common uses: Post-surgical pain, chronic pain, injury-related pain.
Not for children under 12, or for children under 18 after tonsil or adenoid surgery.
Common Side Effects:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Headache
Tramadol Dosage Guidance (For Adults)
1. Immediate-Release (IR) Tablets
Used for moderate to moderately severe pain.
- Initial dose: 50–100 mg every 4–6 hours as needed.
- Maximum dose: 400 mg per day.
- Elderly or those with liver/kidney issues: Start at lower doses (e.g., 25–50 mg) and dose less frequently.
2. Extended-Release (ER) Tablets or Capsules
Used for chronic pain requiring long-term treatment.
- Initial dose: 100 mg once daily.
- Titrate in 100 mg increments every 5 days as needed.
- Maximum dose: 300 mg per day.
- Do not crush or chew ER formulations.
Conclusion and Important Guidelines
- Take with or without food, but consistently one way.
- Do not exceed recommended doses due to risk of seizures or respiratory depression.
- Avoid alcohol and caution with other CNS depressants.
- Do not abruptly stop—can cause withdrawal; taper gradually if discontinuing.
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